When data centres consume the energy of an entire city: A new challenge for Slovakia's critical infrastructure

Ešte pred niekoľkými rokmi boli dátové centrá vnímané najmä ako technické zázemie internetu, cloudových služieb a firemných serverov. Dnes sa však situácia dramaticky mení. Prudký rozvoj umelej inteligencie, masívne modely generatívnej AI a rastúca digitalizácia štátov spôsobujú, že dátové centrá sa stávajú jedným z najväčších nových odberateľov elektrickej energie v Európe. 

The Critical Infrastructure Association of the Slovak Republic continues its series of articles introducing both the public and the professional community to the individual sectors of critical infrastructure as defined by Act No. 367/2025 Coll. on Critical Infrastructure and on Amendments to Certain Acts. Following sectors such as energy, transport and finance, we now turn to a sector that is part of the daily life of citizens as well as the functioning of the state – postal services.

Asociácia kritickej infraštruktúry Slovenskej republiky pokračuje v sérii článkov, ktorými verejnosti aj odbornej obci predstavuje jednotlivé sektory kritickej infraštruktúry definované zákonom č. 367/2025 Z. z. o kritickej infraštruktúre a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov. Po sektoroch ako energetika, doprava či financie sa tentoraz venujeme sektoru, ktorý je súčasťou každodenného života občanov aj fungovania štátu – poštovým službám.

Until recently, the security of critical infrastructure was associated mainly with the protection of physical facilities, energy sources, or state systems. Today, however, it is increasingly clear that the real vulnerability often lies outside the organisation itself: in its supply chains, technology partners, and external services.

Ešte donedávna sa bezpečnosť kritickej infraštruktúry spájala najmä s ochranou fyzických objektov, energetických zdrojov či štátnych systémov. Dnes však čoraz jasnejšie vidíme, že skutočná zraniteľnosť sa často nachádza mimo samotnej organizácie: v jej dodávateľských reťazcoch, technologických partneroch a externých službách.

V januári 2024 zamestnanec finančnej spoločnosti v Hongkongu uskutočnil prevod v hodnote 25 miliónov amerických dolárov. Urobil tak po videokonferencii s finančným riaditeľom a kolegami z centrály, ktorá pôsobila úplne autenticky. Na konferencii však bol jediný skutočný človek on sám. Ostatní účastníci boli deepfake repliky vygenerované generatívnou umelou inteligenciou na základe verejne dostupných záznamov. Tento prípad, zdokumentovaný hongkonskou políciou, neoznámil príchod novej hrozby. Oznámil, že hrozba je už tu a funguje v produkčnom režime.

The Critical Infrastructure Association of the Slovak Republic is proud to present the success of two of its members, Decent Cybersecurity s. r. o. and FREQUENTIS Solutions & Services s. r. o., which have jointly secured funding for the four-year research and development project COSMOS-SECURE. The project, with total eligible expenditures of EUR 4,144,273.37 and a requested non-repayable financial contribution of EUR 2,981,048.65, focuses on an area that, until recently, belonged mainly to major space agencies: secure voice communication between ground stations, satellites, and spacecraft crews in an era when quantum computers are beginning to challenge the existing foundations of cryptography.

Asociácia kritickej infraštruktúry Slovenskej republiky s hrdosťou predstavuje úspech dvoch svojich členov, spoločností Decent Cybersecurity s. r. o. a FREQUENTIS Solutions & Services s. r. o., ktoré spoločne získali financovanie pre štvorročný výskumno-vývojový projekt COSMOS-SECURE. Projekt s celkovými oprávnenými výdavkami vo výške 4 144 273,37 € a požadovanou výškou nenávratného finančného príspevku 2 981 048,65 € sa zameriava na to, čo bolo donedávna doménou veľkých vesmírnych agentúr: bezpečnú hlasovú komunikáciu medzi pozemnými strediskami, satelitmi a posádkami vesmírnych lodí v ére, keď kvantové počítače začínajú spochybňovať existujúce kryptografické základy.

The Slovak Republic is in the final phase of a process that is fundamentally changing the approach to the protection of critical infrastructure. In accordance with Act No. 367/2024 Coll. on Critical Infrastructure, the list of entities that will be officially identified as critical for the functioning of the state is to be completed in July 2026. This step represents one of the most important milestones in the implementation of the new regulatory framework, the aim of which is to increase the resilience of key systems to crises, cyber threats and service outages. A new framework of responsibility Inclusion among the critical entities will not be of a merely formal nature. For the organisations concerned, it will mean the introduction of precisely defined obligations in the area of risk management, security measures, incident management and the very continuity of the provision of essential services within the meaning of the Act. For many entities, this represents a fundamental change in the approach to security, which will require systematic preparation even before the actual inclusion in the list. Growing interest of companies in the regulation Already in this period it is evident that potentially affected entities are beginning to intensively follow the development of the legislation and of the implementing rules being prepared. The reason is the need to set up internal processes in good time, so that the transition to the new regime can take place without major operational complications. The growing demanding nature of the requirements is at the same time increasing the demand for expert guidance and methodological support. The role of the Critical Infrastructure Association of the Slovak Republic In this context, the Critical Infrastructure Association of the Slovak Republic (AKI SR) plays a significant role, as it has long been creating a professional platform for cooperation between the state sector, regulators and operators of essential services across all sectors of critical infrastructure, such as for example energy, transport, healthcare or digital infrastructure. As Tibor Straka, President of AKI SR, states: “The process of identifying critical entities is not merely a legislative obligation. It is the moment that determines how resilient the state will be in real crisis situations.” The Association points out in this connection that the period before the final inclusion in the list is the most important one for organisations from the point of view of preparation and adaptation. Room for timely preparation Companies that may be part of the list of critical entities currently have a unique opportunity to prepare for the new obligations systematically and well in advance. In this area, AKI SR provides expert support, methodological guidance and a platform for the sharing of experience between the individual sectors. Cooperation as the foundation of resilience The implementation of the new system for the protection of critical infrastructure will be successful only if it is built on close cooperation between the public and the private sector. In this respect, AKI SR is developing a systematic dialogue with the central bodies of state administration that exercise state administration in the individual segments of critical infrastructure. With many of them, the Association has concluded memoranda of cooperation, which makes possible a more effective interconnection of expert capacities, the exchange of information and coordination in addressing key security topics. In the process, AKI SR thus acts as a natural communication and expert bridge between the regulator and the entities of critical infrastructure, while helping to connect legislative requirements with their practical implementation in the individual sectors. A new stage in the protection of critical systems The finalisation of the list of critical entities in July 2026 represents a fundamental step in the modernisation of the system for strengthening the resilience of critical infrastructure in Slovakia. The new legislative framework sets clearer rules, but at the same time significantly raises the demands placed on the preparedness of the organisations concerned. The outcome of the entire process will depend on how well it is possible to align the regulation with the reality of the operation of critical entities.