Restoration of Ukrainian Energy Sector Will Cost Tens of Billions of Euros
2. apríla 2025
Various aspects of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine are the subject of many discussions at virtually all levels of society. From a business perspective, however, we will try to focus on objective facts.
According to a report by the International Energy Agency (IEA), Ukraine lost more than 9 GW of electrical energy production capacity in the period from March to May of this year alone. Compared to the state before 2022, only about a third of Ukraine's energy infrastructure was in functional condition in the first half of 2024. "More than half of the high-voltage substations managed by the Ukrainian state enterprise UKRENERGO are damaged, and an acute shortage of spare parts makes their timely repair practically impossible. The IEA estimates the cost of restoring Ukraine's energy infrastructure at more than $30 billion," states Matúš Šársky, Director of International Relations at Eximbanka, in the final installment of the HN series "I Want to Be an Exporter."
According to him, stabilizing the Ukrainian transmission system and ensuring the availability of electricity is one of the key prerequisites not only for further recovery of the Ukrainian economy but also for creating basic conditions for the life of residents and economic activities of business entities in Ukraine even during the ongoing conflict.
Stability is the Priority
Security and energy stability are not only a priority for Ukraine but also for the European Union. These priorities are of strategic importance for EU countries in the immediate neighborhood of Ukraine. This includes Slovakia, which is already implementing specific steps in cooperation with Ukrainian partners in this regard. This mainly involves the modernization and capacity increase of the transmission system between Slovakia and Ukraine through the construction of a new connection in the Veľké Kapušany – Mukachevo section.
For this project to bring the expected results, it is necessary to carry out work on critical energy infrastructure on the Ukrainian side as well. "The implementation of complex projects of design, construction, and modernization of the energy system in the western part of Ukraine represents an opportunity that Eximbanka, in cooperation with partners, wants to mediate to Slovak companies as well," Šársky explains to HN.
According to him, the strategic advantage of Slovak companies is their knowledge of local Ukrainian partners, the environment, and related specifics. Slovak companies still employ a strong generation of top experts who gained experience, among other things, in the generation and transmission system in Ukraine. For their counterparts there, they are equal partners with excellent knowledge of the issues and needs of the Ukrainian energy market, and last but not least, with good language skills.
Proximity to Transcarpathia
Moreover, Slovakia has an exceptional position vis-à-vis Ukraine, especially its western part, namely Transcarpathia, defined by cultural and historical proximity, as well as the potential for developing mutual connections or Transcarpathia itself, into which financial and human capital is currently flowing from the entire country.
From a business perspective, the current situation in Ukraine needs to be perceived as highly risky due to commercial and political risks. Both these types of risks share a common denominator – the possibility of non-payment for delivered goods and services due to the insolvency or unwillingness of the customer on the Ukrainian side. "The probability of such a scenario can be very high, especially given the unpredictability of further development of the conflict and the related poor economic situation of Ukrainian entities that cannot perform their activities in a standard regime," says Šársky.
According to him, investments and business transactions into a country within which a conflict is taking place are unfeasible under commercial conditions in standard business practice. Commercial and even state and development financial institutions have only a very limited appetite for carrying out operations in the Ukrainian market in the current situation.
In the case of Ukraine, an unprecedented situation is occurring – the international community and states are making coordinated efforts to mobilize investments and financial operations in the interest of supporting and stabilizing the country. However, the resources of institutional and state budgets are insufficient to cover the massive investment needs. "One of the solutions is therefore the mobilization of additional investments from the resources of financial institutions and private capital through guarantee and grant schemes and instruments financed from the resources of institutional and state budgets," adds Šársky.
Source: “Obnova ukrajinskej energetiky bude stáť desiatky miliárd eur.” Eximbanka.sk, December 18, 2024. https://eximbanka.sk/obnova-ukrajinskej-energetiky-bude-stat-desiatky-miliard-eur/ . Accessed: 31. 3. 2025
According to him, stabilizing the Ukrainian transmission system and ensuring the availability of electricity is one of the key prerequisites not only for further recovery of the Ukrainian economy but also for creating basic conditions for the life of residents and economic activities of business entities in Ukraine even during the ongoing conflict.
Stability is the Priority
Security and energy stability are not only a priority for Ukraine but also for the European Union. These priorities are of strategic importance for EU countries in the immediate neighborhood of Ukraine. This includes Slovakia, which is already implementing specific steps in cooperation with Ukrainian partners in this regard. This mainly involves the modernization and capacity increase of the transmission system between Slovakia and Ukraine through the construction of a new connection in the Veľké Kapušany – Mukachevo section.
For this project to bring the expected results, it is necessary to carry out work on critical energy infrastructure on the Ukrainian side as well. "The implementation of complex projects of design, construction, and modernization of the energy system in the western part of Ukraine represents an opportunity that Eximbanka, in cooperation with partners, wants to mediate to Slovak companies as well," Šársky explains to HN.
According to him, the strategic advantage of Slovak companies is their knowledge of local Ukrainian partners, the environment, and related specifics. Slovak companies still employ a strong generation of top experts who gained experience, among other things, in the generation and transmission system in Ukraine. For their counterparts there, they are equal partners with excellent knowledge of the issues and needs of the Ukrainian energy market, and last but not least, with good language skills.
Proximity to Transcarpathia
Moreover, Slovakia has an exceptional position vis-à-vis Ukraine, especially its western part, namely Transcarpathia, defined by cultural and historical proximity, as well as the potential for developing mutual connections or Transcarpathia itself, into which financial and human capital is currently flowing from the entire country.
From a business perspective, the current situation in Ukraine needs to be perceived as highly risky due to commercial and political risks. Both these types of risks share a common denominator – the possibility of non-payment for delivered goods and services due to the insolvency or unwillingness of the customer on the Ukrainian side. "The probability of such a scenario can be very high, especially given the unpredictability of further development of the conflict and the related poor economic situation of Ukrainian entities that cannot perform their activities in a standard regime," says Šársky.
According to him, investments and business transactions into a country within which a conflict is taking place are unfeasible under commercial conditions in standard business practice. Commercial and even state and development financial institutions have only a very limited appetite for carrying out operations in the Ukrainian market in the current situation.
In the case of Ukraine, an unprecedented situation is occurring – the international community and states are making coordinated efforts to mobilize investments and financial operations in the interest of supporting and stabilizing the country. However, the resources of institutional and state budgets are insufficient to cover the massive investment needs. "One of the solutions is therefore the mobilization of additional investments from the resources of financial institutions and private capital through guarantee and grant schemes and instruments financed from the resources of institutional and state budgets," adds Šársky.
Source: “Obnova ukrajinskej energetiky bude stáť desiatky miliárd eur.” Eximbanka.sk, December 18, 2024. https://eximbanka.sk/obnova-ukrajinskej-energetiky-bude-stat-desiatky-miliard-eur/ . Accessed: 31. 3. 2025
Information about a possible entry of the Slovak and Czech governments into the ownership of the Tesco retail chain raises a broader question than simply the future of one retail company. According to information published by Marker on 7 October, both governments are considering acquiring Tesco’s operations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. According to the newspaper’s sources, the Slovak part could be worth approximately €400 million. However, no transaction has been decided. The Slovak Antimonopoly Office has also pointed out that these are media reports and that, at the time of its latest statement, it had not been notified of any concentration related to Tesco.
Informácia o možnom vstupe slovenskej a českej vlády do vlastníctva siete Tesco otvára širšiu otázku, než je samotná budúcnosť jedného obchodného reťazca. Podľa informácií, ktoré 7. októbra priniesol Marker, obe vlády uvažujú o kúpe Tesca v Česku a na Slovensku. Podľa zdrojov denníka má slovenská časť predstavovať približne 400 miliónov eur. Zároveň však nejde o rozhodnutú transakciu. Aj Protimonopolný úrad SR upozornil, že ide o medializované informácie a v čase jeho posledného vyjadrenia mu nebola oznámená žiadna koncentrácia súvisiaca s Tescom.
A drone flying over a power plant, airport or water facility does not have to cause any physical damage to disrupt its operations. It may be enough for it to appear in the wrong place at the wrong time, while the critical entity has no idea what it is doing there. This is precisely why attention in Europe is shifting from technologies designed to neutralise drones to something less visible: the ability of critical entities to detect an incident in time, assess it correctly and manage it without unnecessary losses.
Dron nad elektrárňou, letiskom alebo vodárenským objektom nemusí nič poškodiť, aby narušil jeho fungovanie. Stačí, že sa objaví v nesprávnom čase na nesprávnom mieste a kritický subjekt nevie, čo tam robí. Práve preto sa pozornosť v Európe presúva od samotných technológií na zneškodnenie dronov k niečomu menej viditeľnému: k schopnosti kritických subjektov incident včas zachytiť, správne vyhodnotiť a zvládnuť bez zbytočných strát.
A series of expert articles by the Critical Infrastructure Association of the Slovak Republic on essential services under Annex No. 1 to Act No. 367/2024 Coll. on Critical Infrastructure
Séria odborných článkov Asociácie kritickej infraštruktúry Slovenskej republiky o základných službách podľa prílohy č. 1 zákona č. 367/2024 Z. z. o kritickej infraštruktúre
The incident at the primary school in Staškov brings back a topic that deserves continuous attention, not just attention in the aftermath of an incident. The protection of soft targets should form part of a systematic security policy, with clearly defined measures, responsibilities and preparedness for various types of threats.
Udalosť v základnej škole v Staškove pripomína tému, ktorá si zaslúži pozornosť priebežne, nie až po incidente. Ochrana mäkkých cieľov by mala byť súčasťou systematickej bezpečnostnej politiky, s jasne nastavenými opatreniami, zodpovednosťami a pripravenosťou na rôzne typy hrozieb.
We are continuing the series of expert articles by the Critical Infrastructure Association of the Slovak Republic, in which we gradually introduce the individual essential services listed in Annex No. 1 to Act No. 367/2024 Coll. on Critical Infrastructure. Having covered the operation of pipelines for the transport of crude oil and motor fuels, today we move one step upstream to a service that stands at the very beginning of the entire oil chain: crude oil extraction.
Pokračujeme v sérii odborných článkov Asociácie kritickej infraštruktúry Slovenskej republiky, v ktorej postupne predstavujeme jednotlivé základné služby uvedené v prílohe č. 1 zákona č. 367/2024 Z. z. o kritickej infraštruktúre. Po tom, ako sme sa venovali prevádzkovaniu potrubí na prepravu ropy a pohonných látok, sa dnes posúvame o krok proti prúdu k službe, ktorá stojí úplne na začiatku celého ropného reťazca: ťažbe ropy.